Kubola nchintu chimwi chiyandikana loko chipa kutivvalavukunyonyoka. Aboobo, muvvalavulukwabililo, lwizi lwakukwabilila kuzwa kukubola nchintu chipati nchotweelede kulanga-langa.
Valvechiimo chakubola
Kubola kwabutale kuchitwa akubola kwamakemikalu akubola kwamagesi, mpawo kubola kwazintu zitali zyabutale kuchitwa aamakemikalu amilimo yamubili.
1. Kubola kwamakemikalu
Muchiimo chakuti kakunyina magesi aazwa, zintu zizingulukide zilaswaangana abutale akubunyonyoona, mbuli kubola kwabutale akaambo kamuwo uuyumu uupya kapati alimwi amusamu uutabelesyi magesi.
2. Kubola kwa Galvanic
Insimbi ilaswaangana a electrolyte, mpawo eezi zipa kuti ma electrons azwe, alo alipa kuti inyonyoonwe a electrochemical action, eeyo njenzila mpati yakubola.
Kubola kwamunyo wa acid-base, kubola kwamuwo, kubola kwabulongo, kubola kwamaanzi aalwizi, kubola kwatuzunda, kubola kwamigodi alimwi akubola kwamigodi yabutale butakwe tombe, azimwi, zyoonse nkubola kwamagesi. Kubola kwamagesi takuchitiki buyo aakati kazintu zyobile zikonzya kuchita mulimu wamakemikalu, pesi akwalo kupa kuti kube kwiimpana kwanguzu akaambo kakusiyana kwabunji bwamusamu, kwiimpana kwabunji bwamuuya uuzingulukide, kwiimpana kusyoonto kwabupange bwachintu, azimwi, mpawo kupa nguzu zyakubola, kuchitila kuti nsimbi iijisi nguzu zisyoonto alimwi abusena bwa dry suttery ilasweeka.
Mweelwe wakubola kwavalvu
Mweelwe wakubola ulakonzya kwaandaanizyigwa muzibeela zili musanu ayimwi:
(1) Tazikonzyi kubola pe: mweelwe wakubola uli munsi aa 0.001 mm/mwaka
(2) Kukazya kubola: mweelwe wakubola 0.001 kusika ku 0.01 mm/mwaka
(3) Kukazya kubola: mweelwe wakubola 0.01 kusika ku 0.1 mm/mwaka
(4) Chikachilwa kubola: mweelwe wakubola 0.1 kusika ku 1.0 mm/mwaka
(5) Kutakonzya kukazya kubola: mweelwe wakubola 1.0 kusika ku 10 mm/mwaka
(6) Tachikonzyi kukazyigwa kubola: mweelwe wakubola ulainda 10 mm/mwaka
Nzila zilimusanu azine zyakulwana kubola
1. Sala zintu zitakonzyi kubola kweendelanya abwaanda bwakubola
Mukupanga kwini, kubola kwachintu nchintu chiyumu, nikuba kuti chibelesyo cha valve chibelesegwa muchintu chomwe chilikozyenye, bunji, kupya akusinikizyigwa kwachintu ziliindene, mpawo kubola kwachintu eechi takuli kozyenye pe. Kufumbwa 10°C yakuyungizya mumuwo waakati aakati, mweelwe wakubola ulatanta ziindi zili 1~3.
Bunji bwaakati-akati bulaampindu mpati kukubola kwachintu cha valve, mbuli kuti bulongo buli musulfuric acid abunji buniini, kubola nkusyoonto loko, mpawo aawo bunji nobuinda a 96%, kubola kulatanta loko. Insimbi ya kaboni, mukwiimpana, ilaa kubola kupati aawo sulfuric acid nuuli a 50%, mpawo aawo asidi nuutanta kusika ku 60%, kubola kulaselemuka loko. Mbuli chitondeezyo, aluminiyamu ilakonzya kubola loko mu nitric acid iijisi busani buinda ku 80%, pesi ilabola loko mu nitric acid iili akati-akati asyoonto, alimwi insimbi iitakwe tombe ilakonzya kukazyigwa kapati a nitric acid, pesi ilakonzya kubola kapati mu nitric acid iinda ku 95%.
Kuzwa kuzikozyanyo zili atala aawa, kulakonzya kubonwa kuti kusala kabotu kwazibelesyo zyamavalvu kweelede kweendelana abukkale buliwo, kulanga-langa twaambo tunji tujatikizya kubola, akusala zibelesyo kweendelana amabbuku aagwasya kulwana kubola.
2. Belesya zintu zitali zyabutale
Kukazya kubola kutali kwabutale nkubotu loko, kufwumbwa buyo kuti kupya akusinikizyigwa kwavalvu kazizuzikizya ziyandikana kuzintu zitali zyabutale, takukonzyi buyo kumanizya penzi lyakubola, pele alimwi kulakonzya kukwabilila nsimbi ziyandisi. Mubili wavalvu, chibbokesi, chivwumbyo, busena bwakujala azintu zimwi zibelesyegwa kapati zitali zyabutale zilapangwa.
Mapulasitiki zilimbuli PTFE antoomwe a chlorinated polyether, antoomwe a raba yachilengwaleza, neoprene, nitrile raba amwi ma raba alabelesyegwa kubamba mavwili, mpawo mubili mupati wabboneti lyamuvwili uchitwa abutale bwa cast iron antoomwe a carbon steel. Tachisinizyi buyo kuti vvalavu iyume, pesi alimwi ilasinizya kuti vvalavu tiibola pe.
Mazubaano, mapulasitiki miingi mbuli nylon a PTFE alabelesyegwa, mpawo raba yachilengwaleza antoomwe a raba yakupanga zilabelesyegwa kupanga zintu zyakujala zisiyene-siyene antoomwe ama ringi aakujala, eezyo zibelesyegwa kumavalvu aasiyene-siyene. Eezyi zintu zitali zyabutale zibelesyegwa mbuli zintu zyakujala tazili buyo zyakukazya kubola, pele alimwi zilakonzya kujala kabotu, eezyo zigwasya kapati kubelesyegwa muzintu zijisi tuniini. Masimpe, tazili anguzu pe alimwi tazikonzyi kupya, mpawo nzila zyakubelesya nzisyoonto.
3. Kubamba busena bwabutale
(1) Kuswaanganya vvavuvu: Inswi yakuswaanganya vvavuvu kanjikanji ilachitwa a galvanizing, chrome plating, antoomwe a oxidation (mubala wa bbuluu) kuchitila kuti ikonzye kukazya kubola kwamuwo. Mukuyungizya kunzila zyaambwa atala aawa, zimwi zintu zyakujatilila azyalo zilalanganizigwa azintu zili atala mbuli phosphating kweendelanya abukkale.
(2) Kujala atala azibeela zijalikide zili abwamba buniini: nzila zyaatala zilimbuli nitriding a boronizing zibelesyegwa kusumpula kukwabililwa kwayo kukubola akukazya kubola.
(3) Kulesya kubola kwamusamu: nitriding, boronization, chrome plating, nickel plating azimwi nzila zyakusalazya atala zilabelesyegwa kapati kuchitila kuti kutabi kubola, kutabola akukazya kubola.
Kubamba zintu ziindene-indene zyaatala kweelede kweendelana azintu ziindene-indene zyakupanga alimwi abusena bwakubelekela, mumulengalenga, busi bwamaanzi alimwi a asbestos, zilakonzya kubelesya nzila ya chrome plating, nzila ya gas nitriding (stainless steel tayeelede kubelesya nzila ya ion nitriding): mubusena bwa hydrogen sulfide kubelesya electroplating ya phosphorus mpati nick nick ilabeleka kabotu; 38CrMOAIA ilakonzya kukazya kubola kwiinda mukubelesya ion a gas nitriding, pesi kuvwumba kwa chrome takuli kabotu pe; 2Cr13 ilakonzya kukazya kubola kwa ammonia nikwakamana kuzima akupya, mpawo nsimbi zya kaboni zibelesya gas nitriding zilakonzya kukazya kubola kwa ammonia, kakuli zibeela zyoonse zya phosphorus-nickel tazikonzyi kukazya kubola kwa ammonia, mpawo gas nitriding 38CrMOAIA ilakonzya kukazya kubola kubotu loko, alimwi ilabelesyegwa kapati kupanga mavalvu.
(4) Mubili wa vvalavu muniini aavwili lyamaanza: Alimwi kanjikanji lilabikkwa chrome kuchitila kuti litanyonyooki akubotezya vvalavu.
4. Kusansaila amulilo
Kusansaila amulilo ninzila imwi yakubamba zintu zyakuvwumba, mpawo yaba nzila mpya yakukwabilila zintu. Ninzila yakuyumya nyika iibelesya nguzu zyakupya kapati (mulilo uuyaka, magesi, magesi, plasma, magesi, kupwasuka kwamuwo, azimwi) kupya akunyengulula nsimbi naa zintu zitali zyansimbi, akuzisansaila atalaa nyika yakasalwa kale munzila yakusansaila kutegwa kube cisani cakusansaila, naa kupya nyika, aciindi nciconya eeco, kutegwa nsimbi ibwezegwe alimwi atala aachintu chili ansi kuchitila kuti kube nzila yakuyumya atala yakusansaila.
Bunji bwazibulo antoomwe azintu zyabo, zibulo zya oxide ceramics, cermet composites antoomwe azintu ziyumu zyazibulo zilakonzya kubikwa aazibulo naakuti zintu zitali zyazibulo kwiinda mukubelesya nzila yomwe naakuti zyiingi zyakusansaila, eezyo zinga zyasumpula kubola, kukazyigwa, kukazyigwa akupya kapati azintu zimwi, akupa kuti buumi bubelesegwe bulamfwu. Kusansaila kupya kwaalubazu, akukwabilila kupya, kukwabilila (naa magesi aatali kabotu), kujala, kulisanzya, kupya, kukwabililwa kwamagesi azimwi zintu zilibedelede, kubelesya kusansaila kulakonzya kubambulula zibeela.
5. Sansaila penti
Kuvwumba nchintu chibelesyegwa kapati kulwana kubola, mpawo nchintu chiyandikana loko chakulwana kubola mpawo nchintu chikonzya kuzibisya kuzintu zya valve. Kuvwumba akwalo nchintu chitali chabutale, kanjikanji chichitwa a resin, raba, mafuta aazisyango, solvent, azimwi, kuvwumba nsimbi, kwaandaanya aakati-akati amulengalenga, akuzuzikizya makanze aakukwabilila kubola.
Zivwumbyo zibelesyegwa kapati mumaanzi, mumaanzi aamunyo, mumaanzi aalwizi, mumulengalenga amumasena aambi aataboli pe. Mulyango wamukati wavalvu kanjikanji ulapentwa penti iikwabilila kubola kuchitila kuti maanzi, muuya azintu zimwi zitanyonyooki muvalvu
6. Bikka zintu zilesyela kubola
Nzila eeyo misamu iilesya kubola njiyeendelezya kubola njakuti isumpula polarization yabbattery. Zilesyela kubola zibelesyegwa kapati muzibelesyo zyakuzuzya. Kuyungizya zintu zilesyela kubola kuchintu eechi kulakonzya kuchita kuti zibelesyo amavalvu zitanyonyooki, mbuli chromium-nickel stainless steel mu oxygen-free sulfuric acid, kusanduka kupati kusikila muchimo chakutenta, kubola nchintu chipati, asi kuyungizya mbichani ya copper sulfate naa nitric acid azimwi zintu, kulakonzya kuchita kuti stainless steel ibe blunt chiimo, atala aafilimu yakukwabilila kutabilila kubola kwachiimo, mu hydrochloric acid, ikuti kakuli kasyoonto ka oxidant kayungizyigwa, kubola kwa titanium kulakonzya kucheya.
Kusunkwa kwakusinikizyigwa kwavalvu kanjikanji kubelesyegwa mbuli nzila yakusunka kusinikizyigwa, ooko nkuubauba kuleta kubola kwavvalavu, mpawo kuyungizya kasyoonto ka sodium nitrite mumaanzi kulakonzya kukwabilila kubola kwa valve amaanzi. Kupakila kwa asbestos kuli chloride, eeyo iibola chisiko cha valve, mpawo chloride ilakonzya kucheya kuti nzila yakusanzya amaanzi aajisi busi yabelesegwa, pesi eeyi nzila njiyumu kubelesya, alimwi taikonzyi kuzyibwa abantu boonse, alimwi ilakonzya kubelesegwa buyo kuli baabo bayanda lugwasyo lwaalubazu.
Mukukwabilila chisiko cha valve akukwabilila kubola kwa asbestos packing, mu asbestos packing, chintu chilesya kubola antoomwe abutale bwachipaizyo zilabikkidwe a valve stem, chikwabilizyo chakubola chipangidwe a sodium nitrite antoomwe a sodium chromate, eezyo zinga zyapanga filimu ya passivation atala a valve stem akusumpula kubola kwa valve stem, akuchita kuti valve stem ikwabililwe chintu chilesyela kubola chilamana asyoonto-asyoonto mpawo chibeleka mulimo wakusanzya; Mubunike, zinc ayalo nchintu chikwabilila kubola, eecho chinga chisaanguna kuswaangana a chloride mu asbestos, kuchitila kuti chloride a stem metal ijatane kapati, kuchitila kuti kuzuzikizigwe makanze aakukwabilila kubola.
7. Kukwabililwa kwamagesi
kuli nzila zyobile zyakukwabilila magesi: kukwabililwa kwa anodic a cathodic. Ikuti naa zinc yabelesyegwa kukwabilila butale, zinc ilabola, zinc yiitwa kuti nsimbi yacipaizyo, munzila yakupanga, kukwabilila kwa anode takubelesyegwi kapati, kukwabilila kwa cathodic kulabelesyegwa kapati. Eeyi nzila yakukwabilila ya cathodic ilabelesyegwa kumavalvu mapati alimwi amavalvu aayandika, eeyo ninzila iitaduli, nguba alimwi iibeleka kabotu, mpawo zinc ilabikkilizyigwa mubbokesi lya asbestos kukwabilila chisiko chavalvu.
8. Kweendelezya busena bukonzya kubola
Busena bwiitwa kuti busena buli amisyobo yobile yakumvwisisisya kupati akumvwisisisya kusyoonto, kumvwisisisya kupati kwabusena kwaamba busena buzingulukide busena bwakubikkila mavwili anzila zyakweendela mukati, mpawo kumvwisisisya kufwaafwi kwabusena kwaamba bukkale buzingulukide busena bwakubikkila mavwili.
Bunji bwabusena tabukonzyi kweendelezyegwa, anzila zyakupanga zintu tazikonzyi kuchincha pe. Lilikke buyo kuti kakunyina kunyonyooka kwachintu anzila zyakuchita, nzila yakulanganya busena ilakonzya kubelesegwa, mbuli kugwisya muya mubotu mumaanzi aamubboila, kuyungizya alkali munzila yakusalazya mafuta kuchincha mweelwe wa PH, azimwi. Kuzwa mukulanga ooku, kuyungizya zintu zilesyela kubola akukwabilila magesi kwaambwa atala aawa ninzila yakweendelezya busena butabola.
Mulengalenga ulizwide bulongo, busi bwamaanzi abusi, ikapati mubusena bwakupanga zintu, mbuli busi bwamaanzi, muya uukola alimwi abusi bubotu buzwa muzibelesyo, eezyo ziyoopa kuti vvalavu ibe aabusi bwiindene-indene. Sikubelesya weelede kusalazya akusalazya vvalavu mpawo akubikka mafuta lyoonse kweendelanya anzila zyakubelesya, eezi ninzila mbotu yakukwabilila kubola kwabusena. Kubikka chivwumbyo chakutabilila achisiko chavalvu, kubikka bulo bwanyika atala avalvu, akusansaila penti atala avalvu ninzila zyoonse zyakukwabilila zintu zikonzya kubola kuti zitanyonyoonivvalavu.
Kuyungizya kwakupya kwamuwo akusofwaazya muuya, ikapati kuzibelesyo amavalvu aali mubusena bujalidwe, kuyoopa kuti zifwambaane kubola, mpawo ma workshop aajulidwe naakuti nzila zyakunjizya muya akutontozya zyeelede kubelesegwa mbuli mbukonzyeka kuchesya kubola kwabusena.
9. Sumpula nzila zyakuchita zintu anzila zyakupanga mavalvu
Ikukwabilila kuzwa kukubola kwavvalavundipenzi lyakalangwa-langwa kuzwa kumatalikilo aakubamba, mpawo chipangwa cha valve chili abubambe buli kabotu anzila iiluzi yakuchita zintu kakunyina kudooneka chiyooba aampindu mbotu mukucheesya kubola kwa valve. Aboobo, dipatimenti iibamba akupanga zintu yeelede kubambulula zibeela zitali kabotu mukubamba, zitali kabotu munzila zyakupanga zintu alimwi zitakatazyi kubola, kuchitila kuti zikonzye kweendelana aziyandikana mubukkale bwiindene-indene bwakubeleka.
Chiindi chakutumizya: Jan-22-2025
