Kakweendelezyegwa anzila ya "kaboni yobile", makkampani manji akapanga nzila iimvwika yakukwabilila manguzu akucesya kaboni. Kuziba kutatola lubazu kwa carbon takukonzyi kwaandaanizyigwa akubelesya nzila zya CCUS. Kubelesya kwabusongo bwa CCUS kubikkilizya kujata kaboni, kubelesya akubamba kaboni, azimwi. Ooku kutobelana kwakubelesya kwatekkinoloji kulabikkilizya akukozyanisya mavalvu. Kuzwa mukulanga kwamakwebo aajatikizyidwe akubelesya, kuyaambele kwakumbele Bulangizi oobu bweelede kubikkilwa maanu kuli swebovvalavumabbindawuko.
1.Muzeezo waCCUS anzila zyamakwebo
Muzeezo wa A.CCUS
CCUS ilakonzya kutazyibidwe naakuti kutazyibidwe kubantu biingi. Aboobo, katutanamvwisisisya lugwasyo lwa CCUS mumakwebo aamavwili, atwiiye antoomwe aatala a CCUS. CCUS nchifwiinsyo chaChikuwa (Kujata, Kubelesya akubamba Kaboni)
B.CCUS nzila yamakwebo.
Mulongo woonse wamakwebo aa CCUS ulijisi zibeela zyosanwe: nkozizwa muya, kujata, kweenzya, kubelesya akuyobola, azintu zipangwa. Zibeela zyotatwe zyakujata, kweenzya, kubelesya akubamba ziliswaangene kapati amakwebo aamavwili.
2. Lugwasyo lwa CCUS kuvvalavumabbindawuko
Kakusololelwa akutatola lubazu kwa carbon, kubelesya nzila yakujata carbon akubamba carbon mumakkampani aapanga mafuta, nguzu zyakupya, nsimbi, sementi, kusimba alimwi amakwebo aambi aali munsi-munsi aamakwebo aamavalvu kuyooyungizyika asyoonto-syoonto, alimwi kuyootondezya bube bwiindene. Bubotu bwamakwebo buyoozwa asyoonto-asyoonto, mpawo tweelede kubikkila maanu kuzintu zyeelede kuchitwa. Kuyandika kwamavalvu mumakkampani aali musanu aatobela kuyootanta loko.
A. Ikuyanda kwamakwebo aapanga mafuta nchintu chakusanguna kutondezya
Kuyeeyelwa kuti cisi cangu kuyandika kucesya muya uuzwa mumulengalenga mu 2030 kuli matani aasika ku 50 miliyoni, alimwi kuyooceya kusika ku 0 kusikila mu 2040. Nkaambo kakuti makkampani aapanga mafuta alimwi amakemikalu ngamasena mapati aabelesya muya uutegwa carbon dioxide, alimwi akubelesya nguzu zisyoonto, mali aakubelesya alimwi akubelesya CUSS nzintu zisyoonto, tuncini twakusaanguna kusumpulwa mumulimo ooyu. Mu 2021, Sinopec uyootalika kuyaka mulimo wakusaanguna waku China wa CCUS, mulimo wa Qilu Petrochemical-Shengli Oilfield CCUS. Mulimo ooyu wamana, uyooba busena bupati bwakutondezya makwebo aa CCUS mu China. Data yakapegwa a Sinopec itondezya kuti mweelwe wa carbon dioxide wakajatwa a Sinopec mu 2020 wasika ku 1.3 miliyoni yamatani, oomo matani aali 300,000 ayoobelesegwa kuzambangulwe kwamafuta, eezi zyakapa kuti kube mpindu mbotu mukusumpula kujana mafuta aatakwe busani akucesya kuzwa kwa carbon dioxide.
B. Kuyandika kwamakkampani aanguzu zyakupya kuyootanta
Kuzwa mubukkale buliwo lino, kuyandika kwamavalvu mumakkampani aapanga magesi, ikapati mumakkampani aapanga manguzu aakupya, takuli kupati pe, pesi akaambo kakusinikizyigwa kwanzila ya "kaboni yobile", mulimo wakugwisya kaboni mumaanda aapanga magesi aabelesya malasha uyaabuyuma. Kweelana akulangisisya kwambunga zijatikizyidwe: kuyandika kwamagesi muchisi changu kulalangilwa kuyaambele kusika ku 12-15 trillion kWh kusikila mu 2050, mpawo 430-1.64 billion tons ya carbon dioxide yeelede kucheya kwiinda mukubelesya nzila ya CCUS kuchitila kuti kutabi kugwisya tombe mubweende bwamagesi. Kuti kkampani yamagesi iibelesya malasha yabikkwa a CCUS, ilakonzya kujata 90% ya carbon emissions, akupa kuti ibe nzila yakupanga magesi iibelesya kaboni nsyoonto. Kubelesya CCUS ninzila mpati yakujana nguzu zyakuchita magesi. Muchiimo eechi, kuyandika kwamavwili akaambo kakubikkwa kwa CCUS kuyootanta loko, mpawo kuyandika kwamavwili mumusika wamagesi, ikapati mumusika wamagesi aapya, kuyootondezya kukomena kupya, ooko kweelede kubikkilwa maanu kuli basikupanga mavwili.
C. Kuyandikana kwamakkampani aabutale abutale kuyookomena
Kuyeeyelwa kuti kuyandika kwakucesya muya uuzwa mumulengalenga mu 2030 kuyooba matani aasika ku 200 miliyoni kusikila ku 050 miliyoni amwaka. Nchintu chibotu kuzyiba kuti kunze lyakubelesya akubamba muya uutegwa carbon dioxide mumakwebo aazibulo, ulakonzya kubelesyegwa mukupanga zibulo. Kubelesya zyoonse eezyi nzila zyakupanga zintu kulakonzya kucesya muya uuzwa mumulengalenga a 5%-10%. Kuzwa mukulanga ooku, kuyandika kwamavuluvu mumakwebo aabutale kuyoochincha, mpawo kuyandika ooku kuyootondezya kukomena kupati.
D. Kuyanda kwamakkampani aasementi kuyookomena loko
Kuyeeyelwa kuti kuyandika kwakucesya muya uuzwa mumulengalenga mu 2030 kuyooba matani aali 100 miliyoni kusikila kumatani aali 152 miliyoni amwaka, mpawo kuyandika kwakucesya muya uuzwa mumulengalenga mu 2060 kuyooba matani aali 190 miliyoni kusikila kumatani aali 210 miliyoni amwaka. Muya uutegwa carbon dioxide uuzwa mukubola kwa limestone mumakwebo aa sementi ulaa 60% ya muya woonse uuzwa, aboobo CCUS ninzila iiyandikana mukugwisya muya mubotu mumakwebo aa sementi.
E. Kuyanda kwanguzu zya hydrogen mumakkampani kuyoobelesegwa loko
Kugwisya haayidirojeni iisalala pyu kuzwa ku methane mumuwo uuzwa kuzilenge kuyandika kubelesya mweelwe mupati wamavalvu, nkaambo manguzu alajatwa kuzwa munzila yakupanga CO2, kujatwa akuyobola kaboni (CCS) kulayandika, mpawo kutola akubamba kuyandika kubelesya mweelwe mupati wamavalvu.
3. Nzila zyakugwasya makwebo aamavalvu
CCUS iyooba abusena bupati bwakusumpula. Nikuba kuti ilijisi buyumuyumu bwiindene, mukuya kwachiindi, CCUS iyooba abusena bupati bwakusumpuka, oobo butakonzyi kudooneka pe. Basikupanga mavalvu beelede kubamba kumvwisisisya kubotu akulibambila boongo kuli ceeci. Nchintu chibotu kuti makwebo aamavalvu abelesye milimo iijatikizya makwebo aa CCUS
A. Kutola lubazu changuzu mumapulojekiti aakutondezya aa CCUS. Kupulojekiti ya CCUS iichitwa muChina, makkampani aapanga mavalvu ayelede kutola lubazu mukuzuzikizya pulojekiti eeyi mumakani aabusongo bwakupanga zintu, buvwuntauzi akusumpula zintu, kuyobolola luzibo lwakutola lubazu mukuzuzikizya pulojekiti, akuchita kulibambila kuzulide kwakupanga zintu zinji alimwi akukozyanisya mavalvu. Izyabusongo, matalenta azintu zyakabambwa.
B. Bikkila maanu kubweendelezi bwa CCUS buliwo lino. Bikkila maanu kumakwebo aanguzu zyamalasha ooko nzila zyaku China zyakujata kaboni nkozibelesyegwa kapati, antoomwe amakwebo aamafuta ooko kubamba zintu zyaansi nkozibelesyegwa kapati kutegwa kube mavalvu aa CCUS, akubikka mavalvu mumasena oomo muli makkampani aaya, mbuli mu Ordos Basin alimwi a Junggar-Tuha Basin, ooko nkozili busena bupati bwakupanga malasha. Bohai Bay Basin antoomwe a Pearl River Mouth Basin, eezyo zili masena aayandika kapati aakupanga mafuta aamuwo, zyakabamba chilongwe chakubelekela antoomwe amakkampani aajatikizyidwe kuti bajane mweenya ooyu.
C. Kupa lugwasyo lwemali kuli buvwuntauzi bwakupanga zintu akupanga mavalvu aa CCUS. Kutegwa tusololele mumulimo wa CCUS kumbele, kulalumbaizyigwa kuti makkampani aapanga zintu abikke ambali mali amwi mukuvwuntauzya akusumpula, alimwi akugwasya milimo ya CCUS mumakani aakuvwuntauzya akusumpula zintu zyakubelesya, kutegwa kube busena bubotu bwakubamba makwebo aa CCUS.
Mubufwiifwi, ku CCUS industry, nchintu chibotu kutivvalavumakwebo alamvwisisisya kuchincha kupya kwamakwebo aansi aanzila ya "dual-carbon" azyoolwe zipya zyakusumpula ziboola anzizyo, kweendelanya achiindi, mpawo ujane kuyaambele kupya mumakwebo!
Chiindi chakutumizya: May-26-2022
