Ino vvalavu ya butterfly ninzi?

Chivalve ya butterflyyakatalisyigwa mu Amelika muma 1930. Yakatalisyigwa kuJapani muma 1950 mpo tiiyakabelesegwa pe muJapani kusikila muma 1960. tensi chakadumide muchisi changu kusikila kuliba 1970. Zibeela zipati zyamavalvu aa butterfly nzizyeezyi: nguzu zyakubeleka zisyoonto, busena busyoonto bwakubikkila alimwi abulemu busyoonto. Kubweza DN1000 mbuli chitondezyo,valve ya butterflyzili afwaafwi a 2T, mpawovvalavu yamulyangozili afwaafwi a 3.5T. Chivalve ya butterflynchintu nchuuba kusanganya azibelesyo zyaandeene-andeene zyakweenzya mpawo chilaanguzu akusyomeka. Bubi bwamavalvu aajalidwe a raba mbwakuti kuti abelesegwa kuyoya, kuvwundauka kulakonzya kuchitika akaambo kakubelesya munzila iitaluzi, akupa kuti chibbula cha raba chizwe akunyonyooka. Aboobo, mbokukonzya kusalwa kabotu kuyeeme abukkale bwakubeleka. kujatana aakati kakujaluka kwavalvu ya butterfly antoomwe amweelwe wamaanzi zili mumulongo. Kuti yabelesegwa kweendelezya mweelwe wamaanzi, bube bwayo bwakuzuza bulaswaangene akukazya kweenda kwamapaipi. Mbuli chitondeezyo, ikuti bupati bwavalvu abubambe bwamapayipi obile zyoonse zili zyeelene, asi mweelwe wakusweekelwa kwamupaipi uliindene, mweelwe wamaanzi aamuvalvu awalo ulaandeene. Kuti vvalavu kalimuchiimo chakuzungaana kupati, kuvwundauka kulakonzya kuchitika kusule lya vvalavu, zikonzya kunyonyoona vvalavu. Chiindi chiingi chibelesyegwa kunze lya 15°. Eelyovalve ya butterflyili aakati-akati kakujula, chiimo chakujula chakapangwa amubili wavalvu mpawo kumamanino aachipulo chabutterfly kuli akati-kati ka valve shaft, mpawo ziimo zisiyene zilapangwa kumabazu oonse obile. Mamanino aakumbele aachikobela chachipapa kulubazu lumwi weenda kuya kulubazu lwamaanzi, mpawo kulubazu lumwi weenda kuya kulubazu lwamaanzi. Aboobo, mubili wa valve antoomwe a valve plate kulubazu lumwi zipanga busena buli mbuli nkomo, mpawo lubazu lumwi lulikozyene abwaanda buli mbuli throttle hole. Lubazu lwa nozzle lulaa mweelwe wamaanzi uufwambaana kwiinda lubazu lwa throttle, mpawo muya uutali kabotu ulakonzya kuchitwa munsi lya valve kulubazu lwa throttle, mpawo chisinkilizyo cha raba chiyoowa. Nguzu zyakubeleka zyavalve ya butterflyzilaandeene akaambo kakujalula kwaandeene anzila zyakujula akujala kwavalvu. Nguzu zipangwa akusiyana aakati kamitwe yamaanzi yakujulu ayaansi ya valve ya butterfly, ikapati valve mpati, akaambo kakuyaa ansi kwamaanzi, takukonzyi kulekelezyegwa pe. Mukuyungizya, eelyo nkomo noibikkidwe kulubazu lwakunjila lwa vvalavu, kweenda kwakutalulama kulapangwa, mpawo nguzu zyakuzungaana zilatanta. Eelyo vvalavu noili akati-kati, nzila yakubelesya yeelede kulijala akaambo kakubeleka kwanguzu zyamaanzi.

China ilijisi nketani zyiingi zyakupanga mavalvu, pesi teensi nguzu zyamavalvu pe. Mukwaamba biyo, cisi cangu chakanjila mumulongo wabasinguzu zyamavwili munyika yoonse, asi mumakani aabubotu bwazintu, cisi cangu chili kule loko kuba anguzu zyamavwili. Ibbazu eeli lichili aabuvwubi busyoonto, nguzu zya R&D zyamavalvu zyeendelana azintu zyaatala, antoomwe atekkinoloji yakupanga zintu zili munsi-munsi mumakwebo aamavalvu, mpawo kubula makwebo aakuula zintu kuzwa kunze aacisi kuchizumanana kuyaambele. Taakwe makkampani manji aapanga mavwili aakonzya kuzumanana mumusika. Nokuba boobo, ooku kuzungaana kwakufwambaana mumakwebo aamavwili kuyooleta zyoolwe zipati, mpawo kuzungaana ooku kuyoopa kuti makwebo abe kabotu. Mugwagwa wakujana mavalvu aamuulo mupati "ulaa mabwe" loko. Zibeela zyantalisyo zyakaba ntenda iilesya kuyaambele kwamakwebo aakupanga zintu muchisi changu kuti zibe zyaatala. Muchiindi cha 12th Five-Year Plan, fulumende iyoozumanana kuyungizya kubamba zibelesyo zyaatala. Aawa twasala zintu zyiingi zipati mu "Pulani yakuchita" antoomwe amakkampani aamavwili aayiminina mukulanga-langa mbokukonzyeka kuchincha zintu zizwa kunze. Kuzwa mukulanga-langa, kulakonzya kubonwa kuti ikukonzeka kwakucincanya mavwili kuzwa kunze mumakwebo aasiyene-siyene kuliindene loko, mpawo mavwili aali atala ayandika busolozi bwamilawu alugwasyo lwabuvwuntauzi bwasayaansi.

Indasitiri yamavalvu ilaa mulimo mupati loko mbuli nzila iiyandikana mumakwebo aapanga zibelesyo mukusumpula lubono lwachisi. Mbwaanga mweelwe wamakwebo aapanga mavwili muchisi changu ulikule loko kuzwa aawo bantu banji bazwa kumasi aambi, bunji bwazintu zipatimavalvuazyeelelo zisumpukide, kupya kupati akusinikizyigwa kupati, antoomwe abulemu bupati bwa pound lyoonse zyakali kusyoma zintu zizwa kunze aacisi. Mbuli chitondeezyo, zyina lya OMAL lyakuYulopu lyoonse lyakali kusala kapati mumakwebo aakubelesya mavwili. Mukusumpula kubamba mavalvu, nikwakamana Nkuta Mpati yakagwisya "Mizeezo Minjaanji Yakufwambaanya Kubukulusya Makwebo Aakupanga Zibelesyo", mbunga zyacisi zijatikizyidwe zyakachita zyintu zipati kweendelana aziyandikana zyacisi zyakubikka zibelesyo zipati. Kasololelwa a National Development and Reform Commission, China Machinery Industry Federation antoomwe a China General Machinery Industry Association bakatuma akubambavvalavububambe bwakubelesya minchina mipati mumasena aambi, mpawo twakabelekela antoomwe amadipatimenti aajatikizyidwe ziindi zyiingi. Lino kubikkwa kwamavwili kwapa kuti kube kuzuminana mumakwebo aamavwili aamucisi. Kutambula zyeelelo zyanyika yoonse zyakupanga zintu; kutambula zintu zibotu zyakupanga zyakunze (kubikkilizya atekkinoloji iizumizyidwe); kusunka zintu akulanga mbozibeleka zilachitwa kweendelana azyeelelo zyanyika yoonse; kutambula luzibo lwanzila zyakupanga zintu zyakunze akubikkila maanu kukuvwuntauzya akusumpula zintu zipya; kusalazya zyeelelo zyabusongo abukkale bwakubeleka bwazintu zizwa kunze aacisi, azimwi. ninzila zyakufwambaanya nzila yakujana busena, kusumpula kuzumanana kubamba zintu zyamavwili, akuzuzikizya kujanika kwamavwili. Aawo kufwambaana kwakubambulula mumakwebo aamavwili, makwebo aakumbele anooli muzundano aakati kabubotu bwamavwili alukwabililo antoomwe amisyobo yazintu. Zintu ziyoosumpuka munzila yabusongo bwaatala, zyeelelo zisumpukide, kukazyigwa kubola, abuumi bulamfwu. Kwiinda mukuzumanana kwabusongo bwakupanga zintu, kupanga zintu zipya, akusanduka kwabusongo bwakupanga zintu inga kwasumpuka asyoonto-asyoonto kuti zyintu zyeendelane azibelesyo zyamumuunzi akuziba busena bwamavwili. Muchiimo chakuyanda kupati, makwebo aakupanga mavalvu muchisi changu ayootondezya nzila zibotu zyakusumpuka.